In his 1961 book Supports (De dragers en de mensen), John Habraken argued against uniform mass housing by separating the permanent 'support' structure, decided collectively, from the changeable 'infill' chosen by residents. He went on to found the Foundation for Architects' Research (SAR) to develop the method. The approach treats dwellings as adaptable over time rather than fixed designs imposed from above. It became the basis of the international open-building movement.
Habraken's support–infill theory offered an influential alternative to monolithic modernist housing and shaped thinking on adaptable, participatory dwelling.
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