Rajiv Awas Yojana, launched in 2011 with the stated goal of a slum-free India, aimed to bring existing slums into the formal system through in-situ redevelopment, secured tenure and provision of basic services. It promoted slum mapping, community participation and reform of property rights as conditions of central support, marking a shift from clearance toward upgrading. Uptake was limited and the scheme was subsumed within the housing mission launched in 2015. It nonetheless consolidated the policy turn toward in-situ tenure rather than eviction.
It marked the national policy shift from slum clearance toward in-situ upgrading and tenure security for the urban poor.
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