Brazil II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (II PND)
Core idea
Military-era national development plan directing industrial deconcentration and regional growth poles
Why it matters
Drove state-led industrial dispersal toward Brazil's interior and peripheral regions in the 1970s
Description
Enacted by Law 6.151 of 4 December 1974 during the military government of President Ernesto Geisel, the Second National Development Plan set Brazil's economic and territorial strategy for 1975–1979. Responding to the first oil shock, it redirected development toward energy capacity, basic inputs and capital goods, and emphasised industrial deconcentration and productive integration. Through development poles linked to the wider Plano de Integração Nacional, it sought to spread industry and infrastructure from the established Southeast and South toward the Centre-West, the Amazon and the Northeast, expanding agribusiness, mining and energy frontiers as part of a state-led project of territorial integration.
Significance
As the defining developmentalist plan of Brazil's late military period, the II PND used national investment to push industrial dispersal and the opening of interior and peripheral frontiers, leaving lasting marks on the country's economic geography. Its growth-pole and integration logic shaped regional programmes for the Northeast and Amazon, even as the strategy's heavy external borrowing contributed to the debt crisis of the following decade.
What shaped it
- The 1973 oil shock (1973–74)
- Ekistics (1968)
- Communism and the USSR (1917 / 1922)
Sources
- https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1970-1979/l6151.htm
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Plano_Nacional_de_Desenvolvimento
- https://www.scielo.br/j/rep/a/48sFyxjczMLHDkKhWZSM5Sw/?lang=pt