The Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 brought Lenin's communist party to power in Russia, and in 1922 the territory was reorganised as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The new state abolished private ownership of land and major industry, nationalised the economy and, under Stalin from the late 1920s, pursued forced industrialisation and collectivisation through five-year plans. It presented itself as the first workers' state and a model for revolution worldwide, a model later adopted across Eastern Europe, China and elsewhere. The system endured until the USSR's dissolution in 1991.
Communism offered a global alternative to capitalism for most of the twentieth century, and by abolishing private land rights it enabled comprehensive state planning — purpose-built industrial cities, standardised microrayon mass housing and monumental socialist capital-building.