The Rebuilding of London Act of 1667, passed in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1666, set comprehensive rules for the reconstruction of the City of London. It required new buildings to be of brick or stone rather than timber, defined four standardised classes of house keyed to street type, regulated storey heights and wall thicknesses, and fixed the widths and hierarchy of streets. It also established mechanisms for resolving property disputes and funding street improvements through a coal tax. The aim was a more fire-resistant and orderly city built on the old plot pattern.
The Act is among the first comprehensive urban building codes in the modern sense, linking fire safety, construction standards and street regulation in a single statute. Its model of mandatory materials and standardised building types influenced later building and bylaw regulation.