Coastal park + venues
Event-led coastal city transformation
The Sochi Olympic Park masterplan, prepared between 2007 and 2014 by Russian state corporations with Russian and international designers, organised the coastal cluster of venues for the 2014 Winter Olympics in the Imeretinskaya lowland at Adler, near Sochi. The plan grouped stadia and ice arenas around a central medals plaza on the Black Sea coast, supported by new rail and road links to the mountain cluster at Krasnaya Polyana, hotels and a Formula One circuit. It entailed the wholesale transformation of a wetland and agricultural area into an events landscape.
Sochi stands as an extreme case of event-led and spectacle urbanism, with costs generally reckoned the highest of any Olympics, used to project Russian state power and develop a subtropical resort region. It is a staple of critical literature on mega-events, cited for displacement, environmental damage and questionable legacy use, while also illustrating how authoritarian states can mobilise resources for rapid territorial transformation.